Independent explainer

Kaspa, explained.

Kaspa is proof-of-workMiners spend real computing work to make blocks., the same mechanism as Bitcoin, but its miners don't race for one slot. Every miner who finds a valid block keeps it, and GHOSTDAGKaspa's live rule for ordering blocks that arrive at once, so none get thrown away. orders every honest block into one history the whole network agrees on.

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The same blocks, under two rules

Bitcoin, 1 every 10 minKaspa mainnet, 10/s

Modeled with network delay fixed at 250 ms, inside a live-data bracket, not a direct Kaspa measurement of propagation. Walking 1,399 consecutive selected-parent chain blocks through api.kaspa.org (10,719 blocks, 24 August 2026) found a single-chain-equivalent delay between roughly 204 ms and 666 ms; 250 ms sits inside that bracket. The full demo's slider tops out at 5 s, rusty-kaspa's own one-way NETWORK_DELAY_BOUND worst case, a protocol constant, not a typical delay. The share is a running sample that drifts toward the modeled figure as more blocks accumulate, not a fixed reading.

Each thrown-away block cost a miner real electricity and bought nothing.

Single chain is a model, not a picture of Bitcoin today.

Single chain so far: 0 kept, 0 thrown away

kept, on the chainthrown away, off it

BlockDAG so far: 0 kept, 0 thrown away

every block kept, each pointing at the parents it saw

How this works, and the sources