{"ledger":"The costs and limits of Kaspa, as one dated dataset. Every record carries its figure, its method, its uncertainty, its source, and the date it was read. Figures that can only be estimated say so in their uncertainty line.","records":[{"figure":"54 to 110","method":"Total mining power of about 362 PH/s multiplied by ASIC efficiency: 0.15 J/GH for the best listed machine gives the floor, twice that for a mixed fleet gives the top.","name":"Energy use","read":"Nov 5, 2026","source":"Hashrate: api.kaspa.org hashrate record, read Nov 4, 2026, via this site's mining page. Efficiency: ASIC Miner Value, Antminer KS5 Pro listing, read Nov 5, 2026.","uncertainty":"An estimate with a hard floor, not a measurement: nobody publishes the fleet mix, so the true figure sits inside this range or above it.","unit":"MW of power draw (about 0.5 to 1.0 TWh a year)"},{"figure":"About 0.6","method":"This site's recorded sample of 247 blocks, averaging about 1.4 transactions a block, scaled to a full day of 864,000 blocks.","name":"Data growth at ten blocks a second","read":"Nov 5, 2026","source":"Recorded sample, data/order-sample.json, recorded Nov 4, 2026; block mass limit per the status table.","uncertainty":"Estimated from block content, not measured on disk; growth follows traffic, and blocks filled to the 500,000 mass limit would grow the archive roughly a hundred times faster.","unit":"GB a day of new block data at today's traffic (about 220 GB a year)"},{"figure":"About 9","method":"The data growth record above, about 220 GB a year at today's traffic, divided into a common 2 TB drive size.","name":"Archive cost","read":"Nov 5, 2026","source":"Derived from the data growth record in this file.","uncertainty":"A space measure, not a price: it shrinks in direct proportion as traffic and block fill grow, and drive prices move on their own.","unit":"years of full history on one 2 TB drive"},{"figure":"About 59","method":"Pool shares as the pools report them, gathered by Mining Pool Stats; repeatable on this site by the coinbase reading method, counting the names miners write into their own blocks across the last 100 blocks.","name":"Miner and pool concentration","read":"Nov 4, 2026","source":"Mining Pool Stats, read Nov 4, 2026, via this site's mining page.","uncertainty":"Pool self-reporting can lag or flatter, and the coinbase count sees only blocks whose miners sign; the two methods bracket the true figure rather than pinning it.","unit":"percent of mining power in the two biggest pools (the top three hold about 70 percent)"},{"figure":"One","method":"Counted from the implementations a new node can download and sync with today; there is no public census of which versions the running nodes use.","name":"Node client concentration","read":"Nov 5, 2026","source":"The rusty-kaspa repository, linked from this site's footer; this site's node page, checked Nov 4, 2026.","uncertainty":"The count is firm and the split is not: with one implementation, a single consensus bug would be network-wide, and the version spread that would soften it is unmeasured.","unit":"node implementation in general use (rusty-kaspa)"},{"figure":"Unmeasured","method":"vProgs are a prototype, not shipped (status table); their proofs are described as a few hundred bytes that take a lot of computing to make and milliseconds to check, with no published cost per proof.","name":"Proof generation cost for app builders","read":"Nov 5, 2026","source":"This site's vProgs deep page and the open questions register (proof cost), checked Nov 5, 2026.","uncertainty":"The whole figure: until a benchmark is published, any number printed here would be invented, so the ledger records the gap instead.","unit":"no public figure exists"},{"figure":"72,300","method":"One dated read per chain from this site's figures file; the same day's snapshot puts Kaspa's market value at about $0.87 billion, rank 77 among coins.","name":"The cost of being early","read":"Nov 4, 2026","source":"data/figures.json (Blockchair and api.kaspa.org) and data/market-fallback.json (CoinGecko), read Nov 4, 2026.","uncertainty":"A snapshot, not a level: both counts move daily, and a thin market makes the market value jumpier than the payment count.","unit":"payments a day on Kaspa, against 532,000 a day on Bitcoin"}]}